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A Better Approach to Mergers and Acquisitions

David Harding, Dale Stafford, and Suzanne Kumar · 2024 · Harvard Business Review, May-June 2024, vol. 102, no. 3, p. 19

Strategy & readinessAnyone who has been told that seventy percent of acquisitions fail
Why it is on the shelf. The single most repeated claim about acquisitions is that seventy percent of them fail. It came substantially from Bain, whose consultants documented it twenty years ago in Mastering the Merger, which is also on this shelf. The same firm now reports the odds have turned over: examining more than 660,000 acquisitions worth $56 trillion across two decades, close to seventy percent succeeded.

The Institute's reading

The Institute puts this next to the pessimistic works deliberately, because an owner deserves the strongest version of both cases before deciding. What appears to have changed is not luck but practice. Acquiring became a repeatable corporate capability rather than an occasional adventure, which is the same finding the McKinsey programmatic research on this shelf reaches from a different direction. Bain’s companion brief puts a number on the gap: frequent acquirers earned fifty-seven percent higher shareholder returns than companies that stayed out of the market in the 2000s, and that advantage is now around one hundred and thirty percent.

Read the definition carefully before taking comfort. Success here means a deal met the objectives set for it, which is a fair test and a different test from whether the business was still owned ten years later. Note also who is being measured: serial corporate acquirers with dedicated capability, not an owner doing one deal. If anything the finding argues that occasional acquirers should be more careful, since the improvement belongs to the practiced.

The authors also observe that even among the roughly thirty percent that went less well, many still created some value, which is a more textured picture than the binary the old statistic implied. The free Bain brief carrying the same research is at bain.com and is worth reading if the article is behind a paywall.

Key propositions

  • Over the past twenty years firms completed more than 660,000 acquisitions worth a total of $56 trillion, with deal activity peaking in 2021.
  • Close to seventy percent of those deals succeeded, inverting the seventy percent failure figure Bain documented twenty years earlier.
  • Among the roughly thirty percent that were less successful, many still created some value.
  • Frequent acquirers earned around fifty-seven percent higher shareholder returns in the 2000s than companies that stayed out of the market, and that advantage is now around one hundred and thirty percent.

In practice

  • Stop repeating the seventy percent failure figure, and be skeptical of any adviser who still quotes it as current.
  • The improvement belongs to companies that acquire repeatedly and deliberately. If this is your first deal, you are not in the group the good news describes.

Where authorities disagree

Directly against the MIT Sloan work added alongside it, which finds forty-six percent of deals eventually undone over a ten-year average. Also worth holding against Damodaran and Sirower on this shelf, whose case is about overpayment rather than execution, and which improved practice does not answer.

Acquisition Conciergeorientation · not legal, tax or valuation advice
Happy to dig into it. What would you like to pressure-test from A Better Approach to Mergers and Acquisitions: one of its propositions, how it applies to your situation, or where it disagrees with the rest of the shelf?